Discreet assessment and appropriate treatment of haemorrhoids

Haemorrhoids are vascular cushions at the end of the rectum that support continence. Symptoms occur when they become enlarged.

Typical signs include bright-red blood, itching, burning, moisture and pressure. More severe pain often suggests another or additional cause and should be assessed.

Bleeding can come from haemorrhoids but has other possible causes. Do not rely on self-diagnosis. Duration, amount, colour and accompanying symptoms help guide assessment.

Heavy or persistent bleeding, faintness, fever or severe pain requires prompt medical attention. Call 112 for a severe acute emergency.

For mild symptoms, softer stools, less straining and dietary changes may help. Ointments may relieve irritation but do not reliably shrink enlarged haemorrhoids.

Outpatient procedures or surgery may be considered for more advanced findings. The examination determines the suitable treatment and follow-up.